Chapter 48: Iraq's Summer of Violence
1. Michael E. O’Hanlon and Jason H. Campbell, “Iraq Index: Tracking Variables of Reconstruction & Security in Post-Saddam Iraq,” Brookings Institution, October 1, 2007, p. 30.
2. Jim Clancy and Pam Benson, “Al-Zarqawi Claims Responsibility for Wave of Attacks,” CNN, April 6, 2004.
3. Associated Press-Ipsos poll, conducted by Ipsos Public Affairs, January 8–10, 2007; CBS News Poll, December 8–10, 2006.
4. Jason Burke and Rory Carroll,“Poor Bedouin Who Became a Butcher,” The Guardian, June 9, 2006.
5. “Defiant al-Zarqawi Shows Face on Video,” CNN, April 25, 2006.
6. Rumsfeld to Casey et al., “Zarqawi,” June 8, 2006.
7. Rumsfeld to Myers and Cambone, “Meeting with POTUS,” May 19, 2005.
8. Rumsfeld to McChrystal et al., “Congratulations,” June 8, 2006.
9. Vickers to Bush, “Transitioning to an Indirect Approach in Iraq,” June 12, 2006.
10. Rumsfeld to Abizaid et al., “Presence in Cities and Training Officers,” November 15, 2005.
11. Abizaid to Rumsfeld, “Paper by Michael Vickers,” June 21, 2006.
12. Rumsfeld to Bush et al., “Abizaid’s Comments on the Paper by Mike Vickers,” June 22, 2006.
13. Rumsfeld to Hadley et al., “Update on Security in Baghdad,” July 14, 2006.
14. Department of Defense notes of NSC meeting, July 19, 2006.
15. Rumsfeld to Casey et al., “Integration and Militia,” May 12, 2006.
16. Department of Defense notes of NSC meeting, July 22, 2006.
17. Rumsfeld, “Measures of Success in Iraq,” September 18, 2006.
18. Rumsfeld to Casey et al., “Decision on Stryker Brigade,” August 2, 2006; Casey to Rumsfeld et al., “snowflake response,” August 11, 2006.
19. Eric Lidji, “Final Strykers Return Home,” Stryker Brigade News, December 19, 2006.
20. Thomas E. Ricks, “Situation Called Dire in West Iraq,” Washington Post, September 11, 2006; Jim Miklaszewski, “Iraq’s Anbar Province a Lost Cause?” MSNBC, September 12, 2006.
21. National Security Council, “Al Anbar Update,” March 22, 2006.
22. Rumsfeld to Bremer, “Sunni Outreach,” April 12, 2004.
23. Rumsfeld to Abizaid et al., “Counterinsurgency,” January 2, 2004.
24. Major Niel Smith, U.S. Army, and Colonel Sean MacFarland, U.S. Army, “Anbar Awakens: The Tipping Point,” Military Review, March–April 2008, p. 41.
25. Multi-National Corps—Iraq, Public Affairs Office, “Most Successful Iraqi Police Recruiting Drive,” Release No. 20060818-01, August 18, 2006.
26. Major Niel Smith, U.S. Army, and Colonel Sean MacFarland, U.S. Army, “Anbar Awakens: The Tipping Point,” Military Review, March–April 2008, pp. 41-52.
27. OSD Policy, “Security Update: Situation in al-Anbar,” October 26, 2006.
28. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, October 20, 2006.
