Chapter 32: A Failure of Diplomacy
1. Department of Defense news transcript, “Secretary Rumsfeld Briefs at the Foreign Press Center,” January 22, 2003.
2. “‘Old Europe’ Hits Back at Rumsfeld,” CNN, January 24, 2003.
4. Statement of the Vilnius Group Countries, February 5, 2003.
5. John Kerry, speech, The Commonwealth Club, San Francisco, California, March 13, 2003; Dan Balz, “Kerry Assails Bush Over States’ Plight,” Washington Post, March 14, 2003.
6. Steven R. Weisman with Julia Preston, “Powell Will Press U.S. Case in Security Council Next Week,” New York Times, January 29, 2003.
7. Michiko Kakutani, “Under a Microscope, Bush and His Presidency,” New York Times, December 7, 2007; Bruce B. Auster, Mark Mazzetti, and Edward T. Pound, “Truth and Consequences: New Questions About U.S. Intelligence Regarding Iraq’s Weapons of Mass Terror,” U.S. News & World Report, June 1, 2003; Suzanne Goldenberg and Richard Norton-Taylor, “Powell’s Doubts Over CIA Intelligence on Iraq Prompted Him to Set Up Secret Review,” The Guardian, June 2, 2003; Karen DeYoung, Soldier: The Life of Colin Powell (New York: Knopf, 2006).
8. Micah Zenko, “Foregoing Limited Force: The George W. Bush Administration’s Decision Not to Attack Ansar al-Islam,” Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 32, no. 4, August 2009, p. 640.
9. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Report on the U.S. Intelligence Community’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq (S. Rep. 108-301), 108th Cong., 2d sess., July 9, 2004, p. 336; Micah Zenko, “Foregoing Limited Force: The George W. Bush Administration’s Decision Not to Attack Ansar al-Islam,” Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 32, no. 4, August 2009, p. 632.
10. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Report on the U.S. Intelligence Community’s Prewar Intelligence Assessments on Iraq (S. Rep. 108–301), 108th Cong., 2d sess., July 9, 2004, p. 337.
11. Micah Zenko, “Foregoing Limited Force: The George W. Bush Administration’s Decision Not to Attack Ansar al-Islam,” Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 32, no. 4, August 2009, p. 629.
12. Department of Defense notes of NSC meeting, February 3, 2003.
13. Colin Powell, remarks, United Nations Security Council, New York City, February 5, 2003.
14. Colin Powell, remarks, United Nations Security Council, New York City, February 5, 2003.
15. Colin Powell, remarks, United Nations Security Council, New York City, February 5, 2003.
16. Gregory Fontenot, E. J. Degen, and David Tohn, On Point: The United States Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2005), p. 250.
17. Micah Zenko, "Foregoing Limited Force: The George W. Bush Administration's Decision Not to Attack Ansar al-Islam," Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 32, no. 4, August 2009, p. 640; Linda Robinson, Masters of Chaos: The Secret History of the Special Forces (New York: Public Affairs, 2004), pp. 320-21; Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Report on Postwar Findings About Iraq's WMD Programs and Links to Terrorism and How They Compare with Prewar Assessments, 109th Cong., 2d sess., September 8, 2006, pp. 93-94.
18. Steven R. Weisman, “Powell Calls His U.N. Speech a Lasting Blot on His Record,” New York Times, September 9, 2005.
19. Colin Powell, interviewed by Tim Russert, Meet the Press, MSNBC, June 10, 2007.
20. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, January 11, 2003.
22. Eric Schmitt, “U.S. Plan for Iraq Is Said to Include Attack on 3 Sides,” New York Times, July 5, 2002.
24. Thomas E. Ricks, The Gamble: General David Petraeus and the American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2006–2008 (New York: The Penguin Press, 2009), p. 103; Barbara Slavin and Dave Moniz, “War in Iraq’s Aftermath Hits Troops Hard,” USA Today, July 21, 2003.
25. Thomas E. Ricks, “Projection on Fall of Hussein Disputed; Ground Forces Chiefs, Pentagon at Odds,” Washington Post, December 18, 2002.
26. Myers to Rumsfeld, “Joint Chiefs of Staff Opportunities to Express Military Advice,” undated.
27. Rumsfeld, “Military Advice to POTUS,” September 29, 2004.
28. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, December 18, 2002.
29. Rumsfeld, handwritten note, December 18, 2002.
30. Thom Shanker, “New Strategy Vindicates Ex-Army Chief Shinseki,” New York Times, January 12, 2007.
31. Jamie McIntyre, “Myth of Shinseki Lingers,” CNN, December 8, 2008.
32. Hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee, “The Fiscal Year 2004 Defense Budget,” testimony of Eric Shinseki, February 25, 2003.
33. Jamie McIntyre, “Myth of Shinseki Lingers,” CNN, December 8, 2008; Ann Scott Tyson, “Shinseki Says He Would Modernize VA,” Washington Post, January 15, 2009; Georgie Anne Geyer, “Straight-Talking Jones Has Kept His Integrity Intact,” Universal Press Syndicate, December 4, 2008; Philip Rucker, “Obama Picks Shinseki to Lead Veterans Affairs,” Washington Post, December 7, 2008; Paul D. Eaton, “A Top-Down Review for the Pentagon,” New York Times, March 19, 2006; Maureen Dowd, “Alan (Not Atlas) Shrugged,” New York Times, September 19, 2007; Thom Shanker, “New Strategy Vindicates Ex-Army Chief Shinseki,” New York Times, January 12, 2007; Andrew Cockburn, “No, He Wasn’t a Good Manager,” Washington Post, February 25, 2007; Richard Cohen, “Vietnam’s Forgotten Lessons,” Washington Post, April 11, 2006.
34. Shinseki to Rumsfeld, “End of Tour Memorandum,” June 10, 2003.
35. Rumsfeld to Hank Crumpton, “Speaking Up,” May 3, 2002.
36. Rumsfeld, “Talk to VP,” September 30, 2002.
37. George W. Bush, address to the nation, March 17, 2003.
38. “Bush Offers Ultimatum to Saddam in Address to Nation,” Fox News, March 18, 2003.
